Convection Currents
As a mass heats up, the molecules expand, become less dense, and rise. As the mass moves away from the heat source, it begins to cool, contract, and sink. When the mass rises, cool mass comes in and takes its place producing a convection current. This concept can be applied to many natural phenomena -- mantle convection, ocean circulation, atmospheric circulation, and even how to use your heater and air conditioner in your car.
Variations in Density
The underlying concept students learn is that variations in density cause mass (air, water, or mantle) to rise or sink. Below is a picture of students mixing liquids of different densities.
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